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sound_pressure [2021/03/22 23:31] – mariano.castillosound_pressure [2021/03/23 22:23] (current) – [Devices] mariano.castillo
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 {{sensors:magnetic_induction.jpg?400}}  {{sensors:magnetic_induction.jpg?400}} 
  
-Figure 1. Basic principle of magnetic induction+Figure 1. Basic principle of magnetic induction (Rayburn, 2011).
  
 {{sensors:dynamic_mic.jpg?400}} {{sensors:dynamic_mic.jpg?400}}
  
-Figure 2. Front and section views of a moving coil microphone assembly+Figure 2. Front and section views of a moving coil microphone assembly (Rayburn, 2011).
  
-The most common uses for a dynamic microphone usually consist of on-stage musical performances because of their robustness and their lack of dependence on an external power source. This is also why these microphones are usually used to record any type of acoustical alteration with high dynamic levels.+The most common uses for dynamic microphones usually consist of on-stage musical performances, because of their robustness and their lack of dependence on an external power source. This is also why these microphones are usually used to record any type of acoustical alteration with high dynamic levels.
  
 ==== The Condenser Microphone ==== ==== The Condenser Microphone ====
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 {{:sensors:capacitancecond.jpg?400|}} {{:sensors:capacitancecond.jpg?400|}}
  
-Figure 3. Relationships in a charged capacitor+Figure 3. Relationships in a charged capacitor (Rayburn, 2011).
  
 {{:sensors:condensermic.jpg?400|}} {{:sensors:condensermic.jpg?400|}}
  
-Figure 4. Simplified electrical circuit, plus front and section views of a condenser microphone assembly.+Figure 4. Simplified electrical circuit, plus front and section views of a condenser microphone assembly (Rayburn, 2011).
  
 Condenser microphones are widely used in studio music recordings due to their superior sound quality and sensitivity towards incoming soundwaves. These microphones also have the best transient response and the widest frequency response of all types of microphones, while keeping a low noise level.  Condenser microphones are widely used in studio music recordings due to their superior sound quality and sensitivity towards incoming soundwaves. These microphones also have the best transient response and the widest frequency response of all types of microphones, while keeping a low noise level. 
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 {{:sensors:ribbondiagram.jpg?400|}} {{:sensors:ribbondiagram.jpg?400|}}
  
-Figure 5. Definition of the pressure gradient+Figure 5. Definition of the pressure gradient (Rayburn, 2011).
  
 {{:sensors:ribbonmic.jpg?400|}} {{:sensors:ribbonmic.jpg?400|}}
  
-Figure 6. Typical electrical circuit, plus front and section views of a ribbon gradient microphone assembly.+Figure 6. Typical electrical circuit, plus front and section views of a ribbon gradient microphone assembly (Rayburn, 2011).
  
 Ribbon microphones are very fragile and can be damaged easily. Therefore, they are almost limited to in-studio controlled applications where treble response is not an essential requirement.  Ribbon microphones are very fragile and can be damaged easily. Therefore, they are almost limited to in-studio controlled applications where treble response is not an essential requirement. 
  
-=====  Polar Patterns  =====+====  Polar Patterns  ====
  
 The polar pattern of a microphone is used to define the device’s inherent directionality, thus describing the angle-based sensitivity of the transducer. In a typical polar pattern diagram (as shown below), 0 and 180 degrees represent the front and back ends of the microphone diaphragm, while the left and right edges are respectively represented by 270 and 90 degrees. Each one of the described circumferences represent a specific amount of dB reduction in audio sensitivity, starting from the outermost circle towards the center:  The polar pattern of a microphone is used to define the device’s inherent directionality, thus describing the angle-based sensitivity of the transducer. In a typical polar pattern diagram (as shown below), 0 and 180 degrees represent the front and back ends of the microphone diaphragm, while the left and right edges are respectively represented by 270 and 90 degrees. Each one of the described circumferences represent a specific amount of dB reduction in audio sensitivity, starting from the outermost circle towards the center: 
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 {{:sensors:polarpatt.jpg?400|}} {{:sensors:polarpatt.jpg?400|}}
  
-Figure 7. Theorical polar response+Figure 7. Theorical polar response (RØDE Microphones, 2015).
  
 The most common polar patterns include: The most common polar patterns include:
-* The cardioid polar pattern. The cardioid polar pattern is the most common of the directional polar patterns. Its name originates from its polar shape characteristics that resemble a heart. Furthermore, we can find the hyper-cardioid and super cardioid which are variants of the original polar pattern. The difference between these polar patterns consists in the level of directionality at the front of diaphragm. Hyper and super-cardioids possess a narrower sensitivity at the front, with reduced levels at the sides, and additional rear directionality. +  * The cardioid polar pattern. The cardioid polar pattern is the most common of the directional polar patterns. Its name originates from its polar shape characteristics that resemble a heart. Furthermore, we can find the hyper-cardioid and super cardioid which are variants of the original polar pattern. The difference between these polar patterns consists in the level of directionality at the front of diaphragm. Hyper and super-cardioids possess a narrower sensitivity at the front, with reduced levels at the sides, and additional rear directionality. 
-* The bidirectional polar pattern. This polar pattern is also known as a figure-of-eight directionality pattern. As their name states, such devices are capable of registering sound coming from both ends of the diaphragm. The microphones described by this type of pattern can produce highly realistic sound duplication because of their ability to record more of the natural ambience of the recording space. +  * The bidirectional polar pattern. This polar pattern is also known as a figure-of-eight directionality pattern. As their name states, such devices are capable of registering sound coming from both ends of the diaphragm. The microphones described by this type of pattern can produce highly realistic sound duplication because of their ability to record more of the natural ambience of the recording space. 
-* The omnidirectional polar pattern. The omnidirectional polar patterns are able to record sound incoming from all sides in a perfect sphere. This results in increased movement freedom as the angle position of the source will not affect the overall sound of the recording.+  * The omnidirectional polar pattern. The omnidirectional polar patterns are able to record sound incoming from all sides in a perfect sphere. This results in increased movement freedom as the angle position of the source will not affect the overall sound of the recording.
  
-=====  Frequency Response  =====+====  Frequency Response  ====
  
 The frequency response of a microphone, as its name states, describes the frequency range of sound that a microphone can correctly reproduce. The signature sound of such devices is mostly defined by their frequency response, which is typically represented by a graphical response curve. The two main types of frequency responses are:  The frequency response of a microphone, as its name states, describes the frequency range of sound that a microphone can correctly reproduce. The signature sound of such devices is mostly defined by their frequency response, which is typically represented by a graphical response curve. The two main types of frequency responses are: 
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 {{:sensors:freqresponse.png?400|}} {{:sensors:freqresponse.png?400|}}
  
-Figure 8. Frequency response curve+Figure 8. Frequency response curve (Rochman, 2017).
  
-=====  Media  =====+===== Media  =====
  
 {{youtube>PE6Qn4ZiEyo?medium}} {{youtube>PE6Qn4ZiEyo?medium}}
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 =====  Devices  ===== =====  Devices  =====
  
-{{template>device +^ Company | Neumann | 
-|company=Fujikura +^ Model | KM 184 | 
-|model=XFPN-025 +^ Sources | [[https://en-de.neumann.com/km-184|Neumann Official Website]] US$ 999.00 |  
-|sources=[[http://www.jameco.com/\|Jameco]] US$ 24.95 +^ Description | Small diaphragm condenser microphone | 
-|description=-1.1 to 2.5 PSI Pressure Sensor +^ Datasheet | [[https://en-de.neumann.com/km-184#technical-data|Specs]] | 
-|datasheet=[[http://jameco.com/wcsstore/Jameco/Products/ProdDS/196103.pdf\|pdf]] + 
-|resources= +^ Company | Shure | 
-|notes= +^ Model | SM7B | 
-|variants= +^ Sources | [[https://www.shure.com/en-US/products/microphones/sm7b|Shure Official Website]] US$ 399.00 |  
-Fujikura XFPN-050 (0 to 5 PSI Pressure Sensor)\\ +^ Description | Cardioid dynamic microphone | 
-Servoflo  FPM07PG (0 to 7 PSI Pressure Sensor)\\ +^ Datasheet | [[https://pubs.shure.com/guide/SM7B/en-US|Specs]] | 
-Motorola MPX10GS (0 to 1.45 PSI Pressure Sensor) + 
-}}+^ Company | RØDE Microphones | 
 +^ Model | NTR | 
 +^ Sources | [[http://www.rode.com/microphones/ntr|RØDE Microphones Official Website]] US$ 999.00 |  
 +^ Description | Active ribbon microphone | 
 +^ Datasheet | [[http://www.rode.com/microphones/ntr|Specs]] | 
  
 =====  External Links & References  ===== =====  External Links & References  =====